La melatonina esercita effetti antinfiammatori, antiossidanti e neuromodulatori che potrebbero essere potenzialmente utili nel trattamento delle vertigini

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Melatonin Exerts Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Neuromodulatory Effects That Could Potentially Be Useful in the Treatment of Vertigo

The acute phase of vertigo involves multiple neurotransmitters, inflammatory mediators, and products of oxidative stress. The vestibular pathway has multiple melatonin receptors distributed along its path, both centrally and peripherally. In addition, melatonin has been shown to be a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent against factors related to vertigo, such as Bax/caspases, interleukins, and chemokines. Likewise, it exerts central GABAergic, antidopaminergic, and anti-migraine functions and regulates sympathetic activity in a similar way to the drugs classically used in acute vestibular crisis. In this review, the role of melatonin as a potential treatment of the acute phase of vertigo is discussed.

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Based on the data included in this review, it seems obvious that the use of melatonin in the acute phase of vertigo can be highly effective, although more studies and clinical trials are needed.
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This type of combined treatment would be especially indicated in risk groups, such as the elderly population. Moreover, melatonin is a practically harmless hormone. As previously described, its safety profile, even at extremely high doses, is wide [65].
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Although systemic administration is safe and favors effects on different organs of the vestibular pathway, it remains to be seen whether topical (transtympanic) administration could be effective for pathologies of peripheral origin.
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In conclusion melatonin administration in vertigo could be a new therapeutic effect of melatonin, among the many already described that this hormone exerts in human pathologies.

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Joaquin Guerra, Jesus Devesa, "Melatonin Exerts Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Neuromodulatory Effects That Could Potentially Be Useful in the Treatment of Vertigo", International Journal of Otolaryngology, vol. 2021, Article ID 6641055, 6 pages, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6641055